<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><meta name="date" content="2022-08-20 11:13:19"><style>body {
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{
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</style><title>Spring Cloud Stream</title></head><body><article class="markdown-body"><h2 id="overview">Overview<a class="headerlink" href="#overview" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>Spring Cloud Stream 是一个框架，用于构建 与共享的消息系统连接的 高度可扩展的（可伸缩的， scalable） 事件驱动(event-driven) 微服务。</p>
<p>该框架提供了一个灵活的编程模型，该模型建立在已经建立和熟悉的 Spring 习惯用法和最佳实践之上，包括对持久发布/订阅语义、消费者组和有状态分区的支持。</p>
<h3 id="binder-implementations">Binder Implementations<a class="headerlink" href="#binder-implementations" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>Spring Cloud Stream 支持各种绑定器的实现，下表包含了 Github 项目的链接。</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://github.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-stream-binder-rabbit">RabbitMQ</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://github.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-stream-binder-kafka">Apache Kafka</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://github.com/spring-cloud/spring-cloud-stream-binder-kafka/tree/master/spring-cloud-stream-binder-kafka-streams">Kafka Streams</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Amazon Kinesis</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Google PubSub (partner maintained)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Solace PubSub+ (partner maintained)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Azure Event Hubs (partner maintained)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Azure Service Bus (partner maintained)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>AWS SQS (partner maintained)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>AWS SNS (partner maintained)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/wiki/RocketMQ-en">Apache RocketMQ (partner maintained)</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Spring Cloud Stream 的核心构建块是：</p>
<ul>
<li>Destination Binders： 负责提供与外部消息传递系统集成的组件。  </li>
<li>Destination Bindings：在外部消息传递系统(messaging systems) 和最终用户提供的应用程序代码(生产者/消费者)之间架起的桥梁。</li>
<li>Message：生产者和消费者用于与 Destination binder (以及通过外部消息传递系统与其他应用程序)通信的规范(canonical)数据结构。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="_1">介绍<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p><strong>解决的痛点</strong></p>
<p>消息中间件有很多，学习使用与切换成本高，而通过 Spring Cloud Stream</p>
<p>屏蔽底层消息中间件的差异,降低切换成本，统一消息的编程模型</p>
<p>降低切换，维护，开发成本或难度。</p>
<p><strong>什么是 Spring Cloud Stream</strong></p>
<p>官方定义 Spring Cloud Stream 是一个构建消息驱动微服务的框架。</p>
<p>应用程序通过 inputs 或者 outputs 来与 Spring Cloud Stream 中 binder 对象交互。<br />
通过我们配置来 binding (绑定) ，而 Spring Cloud Stream 的 binder 对象负责与消息中间件交互。<br />
所以，我们只需要搞清楚如何与 Spring Cloud Stream 交互就可以方便使用消息驱动的方式。  </p>
<p>通过使用 Spring Integration 来连接消息代理中间件以实现消息事件驱动。<br />
Spring Cloud Stream 为一些供应商的消息中间件产品提供了个性化的自动化配置实现，引用了发布-订阅、消费组、分区的三个核心概念。  </p>
<p>目前仅支持 RabbitMQ、Kafka。（前面提到了 RocketMQ ，但是说了是合作伙伴维护，也就是这个 binder 是阿里去做的。不是官方提供的。至于 Amazon Kinesis 不知道是什么东西，但应该不是消息中间件。至于 ActiveMq 那更是提都没提。）</p>
<hr />
<p>所以说，如果有多个消息中间件（如2个），可以考虑引入 Spring Cloud Stream，</p>
<h2 id="_2">要注意的弃用<a class="headerlink" href="#_2" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>关于使用，在 3.1 之前，通过 <a class="magiclink magiclink-github magiclink-mention" href="https://github.com/EnableBinding" title="GitHub User: EnableBinding">@EnableBinding</a> 的方式，但是现在已经被弃用，在 3.1 开始，支持函数式编程： <code>@deprecated. as of 3.1 in favor of functional programming model</code>。</p>
<p>参考：<a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-stream/docs/current/reference/html/spring-cloud-stream.html#spring-cloud-stream-preface-notable-deprecations">Notable Deprecations</a></p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>基于注解的编程模型。基本上，<code>@EnableBinding</code>、<code>@StreamListener</code> 和所有相关的注解现在都被弃用了，取而代之的是函数式编程模型。有关更多详细信息，请参阅 <a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-stream/docs/current/reference/html/spring-cloud-stream.html#spring_cloud_function">Spring Cloud Function support</a>。</li>
<li>响应式模块(spring-cloud-stream-reactive)被中断，不再通过 spring-cloud-function 提供本地支持。为了向后兼容，你仍然可以从以前的版本引入 spring-cloud-stream-reactive。</li>
<li>测试支持绑定器 <code>spring-cloud-stream-test-support</code>，使用 MessageCollector 支持新的测试绑定器。有关更多细节，请参见 <a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-stream/docs/current/reference/html/spring-cloud-stream.html#_testing">Testing</a>。</li>
<li>
<p><a class="magiclink magiclink-github magiclink-mention" href="https://github.com/StreamMessageConverter" title="GitHub User: StreamMessageConverter">@StreamMessageConverter</a> - 已弃用，因为它不再需要。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>在v2.0中弃用后，<code>original-content-type</code> 头引用已经被删除。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>如果提供 <code>spring.cloud.stream.sendto.destination</code> 属性，那么 <code>BinderAwareChannelResolver</code> 将被弃用。这主要用于基于函数的编程模型。对于 StreamListener，它仍然会被需要，因此会一直存在，直到我们弃用并最终停止 StreamListener 和基于注释的编程模型。</p>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="bindings">Bindings<a class="headerlink" href="#bindings" title="Permanent link"></a></h2>
<p>参考：<a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-stream/docs/current/reference/html/spring-cloud-stream.html#spring-cloud-stream-preface-notable-deprecations">Notable Deprecations</a></p>
<p><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-stream/docs/current/reference/html/spring-cloud-stream.html#_bindings">Bindings</a></p>
<p><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-stream/docs/current/reference/html/spring-cloud-stream.html#binding-properties">Binding Properties</a></p>
<h3 id="31">3.1<a class="headerlink" href="#31" title="Permanent link"></a></h3>
<p>3.1 版本后，使用函数式编程模型。为使用 对 Spring Cloud Function 的内置支持。</p>
<p>要将函数式 bean 绑定到 binding 暴露的外部 destination (配置的属性)。必须提供 <code>spring.cloud.function.definition</code> 属性配置。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>函数式 bean: funcational bean，<code>java.util.function.[Supplier/Function/Consumer]</code> 类型 的 bean</p>
</blockquote>
<p>可以不配置 <code>spring.cloud.function.definition</code> ，自动发现 和 自动绑定，但可能会造成混淆，。</p>
<p>对于这种罕见场景，可以通过提供 <code>spring.cloud.stream.function.autodetect</code> 属性并将值设置为 <code>false</code> 来禁用自动发现。</p>
<p>注意 <a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-stream/docs/current/reference/html/spring-cloud-stream.html#_functional_binding_names">Functional binding names</a> 命名规则，为 <code>&lt;functionName&gt; + -in/out- + &lt;index&gt;</code></p>
<p>而 <code>spring.cloud.function.definition</code> 指定函数式 bean，也就是  前面的 functionName 方法名，要对应，不然怎么自动绑定呢，对吧，。</p>
<hr />
<!-- Function 处理， transfer

Supplier 发送。 source

Consumer 接收。 sink -->

<p>函数式接口，即只有一个方法，我们看三者</p>
<p>Function: R apply(T t)</p>
<p>Supplier: T get()</p>
<p>Consumer: void accept(T t)</p>
<p>明显，一个是既有输入也有输出，一个是只有输出，一个是只有输入</p>
<p>假如有一个 <code>fuc1</code> 用的 Supplier 形式， <code>fuc1-out-0.destination: exchangeOut</code>，就是向 exchangeOut 交换机发送一个消息</p>
<p>另外一个 <code>fuc2</code> 用的 Consumer 形式方法，<code>fuc2-in-0.destination: exchangeIn</code>，就是从 exchangeIn 交换机接收一条消息，</p>
<p>等，</p>
<p>注意的是，<a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-stream/docs/current/reference/html/spring-cloud-stream.html#_producing_and_consuming_messages">Producing and Consuming Messages</a> 有提到，是轮询式的，可以自定义轮询参数。</p>
<details>
  <summary>代码示例：</summary>

<details>
  <summary>build.gradle</summary>

  <div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">plugins</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="n">id</span> <span class="s1">&#39;application&#39;</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="n">group</span> <span class="s1">&#39;sing&#39;</span>
<span class="n">version</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1.0.0&#39;</span>

<span class="n">repositories</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="n">mavenCentral</span><span class="o">()</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="n">dependencies</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="n">implementation</span> <span class="s1">&#39;org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit&#39;</span>

    <span class="n">implementation</span> <span class="s2">&quot;org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter&quot;</span>
    <span class="n">implementation</span> <span class="s2">&quot;org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test&quot;</span>
    <span class="n">implementation</span> <span class="s2">&quot;org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web&quot;</span>
    <span class="n">implementation</span> <span class="s2">&quot;org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-actuator&quot;</span>

    <span class="n">testImplementation</span> <span class="s1">&#39;org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api&#39;</span>
    <span class="n">testRuntimeOnly</span> <span class="s1">&#39;org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine&#39;</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="n">test</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="n">useJUnitPlatform</span><span class="o">()</span>
<span class="o">}</span>

<span class="n">application</span> <span class="o">{</span>
    <span class="n">mainClass</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;sing.test.StreamTestApplication&quot;</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</pre></div>

</details>

<details>
  <summary>application.yml</summary>

  <div class="highlight"><pre>server:
  port: 8801

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-stream-rabbit-test
  cloud:
    stream:
      binders:
        defaultRabbit:
          type: rabbit
          environment:
            spring:
              rabbitmq: ${spring.rabbitmq}
      bindings:
        # binding name (also a MessageChannel name)
        # process-out-0_spca: a MessageSource name
        # process: public Supplier&lt;String&gt; process() {}
        process-out-0:
          # output 到 exchange_1
          destination: exchange_1
        #  func: public Function&lt;String, String&gt; func() {}
        func-in-0:
          # input 从 exchange_1
          destination: exchange_1
#          group: func
        func-out-0:
          # output 到 exchange_2
          destination: exchange_2
        #  consume: public Consumer&lt;String&gt; consume() {}
        consume-in-0:
          # input 从 exchange_2
          destination: exchange_2
#          group: consume
      function:
        # functional bean names
        definition: process;func;consume
      default-binder: defaultRabbit

  rabbitmq:
    host: localhost
    port: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest
</pre></div>

</details>

<details>
  <summary>StreamTestApplication.java</summary>

<div class="highlight"><pre><span class="c1">// ...</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">java.util.function.Consumer</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">java.util.function.Function</span><span class="o">;</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">java.util.function.Supplier</span><span class="o">;</span>

<span class="cm">/**</span>
<span class="cm"> * @author xing</span>
<span class="cm"> * @date 2022/8/21 22:07</span>
<span class="cm"> */</span>
<span class="nd">@SpringBootApplication</span>
<span class="nd">@Slf4j</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">StreamTestApplication</span> <span class="o">{</span>

    <span class="nd">@Bean</span>
    <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="n">Supplier</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="nf">process</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
        <span class="c1">// 不要再这里写程序，由于是单例，只会最开始执行一次，写这里没用</span>
        <span class="c1">// （测试发现就算使用 @Scope(value = ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE) 也没用。不知道为什么）</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="o">{</span>
            <span class="n">UUID</span> <span class="n">uuid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">UUID</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">randomUUID</span><span class="o">();</span>
            <span class="n">log</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">warn</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">&quot;send a message, {}&quot;</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">uuid</span><span class="o">);</span>
            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">&quot;Hello Supplier &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">uuid</span><span class="o">;</span>
        <span class="o">};</span>
    <span class="o">}</span>

    <span class="nd">@Bean</span>
    <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="n">Function</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">String</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="nf">func</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">payload</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="o">{</span>
            <span class="n">log</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">warn</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">&quot;get and send a message&quot;</span><span class="o">);</span>
            <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s">&quot;func &quot;</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">payload</span><span class="o">;</span>
        <span class="o">};</span>
    <span class="o">}</span>

    <span class="nd">@Bean</span>
    <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="n">Consumer</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="nf">consume</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">payload</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="o">{</span>
            <span class="n">log</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">warn</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="s">&quot;get {}&quot;</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">payload</span><span class="o">);</span>
        <span class="o">};</span>
    <span class="o">}</span>

    <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">String</span><span class="o">[]</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
        <span class="n">SpringApplication</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">run</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">StreamTestApplication</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">class</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">);</span>
    <span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</pre></div>

</details>

</details>

<p>并且似乎 Bean 形式，我们怎么放 Controller 层在如 GetMapper 注解下使用呢。</p>
<p>如果我们要触发条件，该怎么做。</p>
<p>就是命名时不在按前面规则来，然后通过 自动注入 StreamBridge 类，通过其方法进行发送消息等。</p>
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